A Review on the Relationship BetweenRheological Properties and 3D PrintingParameters for Optimizing Concrete Printabilityand Structural Performance

Abstract

3D concrete printing (3DCP) has emerged as an innovative construction technique that enables the automated fabrication of structures without the need for formwork, offering advantages such as design flexibility, material efficiency, and improved safety. The successful implementation of 3DCP relies heavily on the rheological properties of the printing material,
which govern key parameters such as pumpability, extrudability, buildability, and interlayer bonding strength. This review explores how key rheological parameters, including static and dynamic yield stress, plastic viscosity, and structural build-up rate, affect not only the flow and deposition of fresh concrete but also interlayer bonding strength and overall structural integrity. Additionally, this review examines the influence of printing parameters such as layer deposition time, nozzle size, and print speed on interlayer adhesion and the overall stability of the printed structure. By synthesizing experimental and numerical studies, this work
provides a comprehensive guideline for evaluating and predicting the performance of 3D printed concrete through rheological testing, facilitating the optimization of material formulations and printing processes for enhanced printability and structural reliability.